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NEW AND EVOLVING TRENDS AT NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SECURITY ARENA
Over three decades ago there was a clear perspective on the state of national and global security trends. This was the period of the Cold War when the world was effectively divided into two clear camps. These camps represented the United States of America (USA) and her allies in the capitalist world and the defunct Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and her allies in the socialist world. The two ideological camps represented the two dominant cultures in the world.
In the defunct western bloc, capitalism and democracy were the economic and political system in practice. These economic and political systems were replicated in varying forms in the countries allied to them. It was a system that tolerated any political arrangement except socialist/communist. Thus their allies were variously practicing one party authoritarian or military dictatorship as long as they remained with the capitalist ideological fold. This camp was backed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), a military alliance created in 1949.
In the defunct eastern bloc, socialism and communism were the economic and political system in practice. Their allies replicated a loose system with socialist content often taken into cognisance their local environment in fashioning these institutions. As was the case in the western blocs, there were military dictatorships and one party authoritarian system in practice in countries allied to this bloc. The Warsaw Pact was the military alliance that supported this camp in the course of the Cold War.
It was within these two arrangements that national and global security trends operated. Actors at both national and global arena organised and acted within the two folds regardless of the existence of institutions that claimed neutrality in the face of the ideological struggles. Such institutions included the Non Aligned Movement (NAM). There were instances of pragmatic countries that played on the fears of both the United States and Soviet Union to win development assistance for their countries. In spite of this, countries involved in this were clearly allied to one or the other of the Cold War warriors. It can be established that what was unique of the Cold War period was that security trends were concentrated, clear and to some degree predictable.
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was a metaphor for security trend worldwide. First, it was the end of “certainty” of security that began with the beginning of the ideological struggle after the Second World War in 1945. Second, it launched the “uncertainty” of the new security governance represented by the post Cold War post 9/11 worlds. In the post Cold War and post 9/11 worlds, security trends became disperse and unclear. Trends in national and global security arena, since these developments, emanated from these enabling environments. In particular, national trends were mostly constructed from the global trends especially when considered in the context of the universalisation of security practises. This might differ assuming the country in question has its clear security theory and practice.
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New and Evolving Trends at National and Global Security Arena
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